Georgian Poetry 1916-1917 — A Closer Reading

(6 User reviews)   1917
Marsh, Edward Howard, Sir, 1872-1953 [Editor] Project Gutenberg 2005 Not confirmed
English poetry -- 20th century Readers of public-domain and historical texts
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Words 24,394
Reading time 107 min
Text sections 5

For Georgian Poetry 1916-1917 — A Closer Reading, the stored edition analysis reports 24,394 words, 1 hr 47 min estimated reading time, and 5 detected text sections.

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An editorial note on the diction, dialogue, and descriptive choices in Edward Marsh's 1917 anthology of Georgian poetry, drawing on excerpts from W.J. Turner, Ralph Hodgson, and others.
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They had stolen my soul away!

I saw a frieze on whitest marble drawn Of boys who sought for shells along the shore, Their white feet shedding pallor in the sea, The shallow sea, the spring-time sea of green That faintly creamed against the cold, smooth pebbles.

The air was thin, their limbs were delicate, The wind had graven their small eager hands To feel the forests and the dark nights of Asia Behind the purple bloom of the horizon, Where sails would float and slowly melt away.

Their naked, pure, and grave, unbroken silence Filled the soft air as gleaming, limpid water Fills a spring sky those days when rain is lying In shattered bright pools on the wind-dried roads, And their sweet bodies were wind-purified.

One held a shell unto his shell-like ear And there was music carven in his face, His eyes half-closed, his lips just breaking open To catch the lulling, mazy, coralline roar Of numberless caverns filled with singing seas.

And all of them were hearkening as to singing Of far-off voices thin and delicate, Voices too fine for any mortal wind To blow into the whorls of mortal ears-- And yet those sounds flowed from their grave, sweet faces.

And as I looked I heard that delicate music, And I became as grave, as calm, as still As those carved boys. I stood upon that shore, I felt the cool sea dream around my feet, My eyes were staring at the far horizon:

And the wind came and purified my limbs, And the stars came and set within my eyes, And snowy clouds rested upon my shoulders, And the blue sky shimmered deep within me, And I sang like a carven pipe of music.

I love a still conservatory That's full of giant, breathless palms, Azaleas, clematis and vines, Whose quietness great Trees becalms Filling the air with foliage, A curved and dreamy statuary.

I like to hear a cold, pure rill Of water trickling low, afar With sudden little jerks and purls Into a tank or stoneware jar, The song of a tiny sleeping bird Held like a shadow in its trill.

I love the mossy quietness That grows upon the great stone flags, The dark tree-ferns, the staghorn ferns, The prehistoric, antlered stags That carven stand and stare among The silent, ferny wilderness.

And are they birds or souls that flit Among the trees so silently, And are they fish or ghosts that haunt The still pools of the rockery!-- For I am but a sculptured rock As in that magic place I sit.

Still as a great jewel is the air With boughs and leaves smooth-carved in it, And rocks and trees and giant ferns, And blooms with inner radiance lit, And naked water like a nymph That dances tireless slim and bare.

I watch a white Nyanza float Upon a green, untroubled pool, A fairyland Ophelia, she Has cast herself in water cool, And lies while fairy cymbals ring Drowned in her fairy castle moat.

The goldfish sing a winding song Below her pale and waxen face, The water-nymph is dancing by Lifting smooth arms with mournful grace, A stainless white dream she floats on While fairies beat a fairy gong.

Silent the Cattleyas blaze And thin red orchid shapes of Death Peer savagely with twisted lips Sucking an eerie, phantom breath With that bright, spotted, fever'd lust That watches lonely travellers craze.

Gigantic, mauve and hairy leaves Hang like obliterated faces Full of dim unattained expression Such as haunts virgin forest places When Silence leaps among the trees And the echoing heart deceives.

"But there was one land he dared not enter."

Beyond the blue, the purple seas, Beyond the thin horizon's line, Beyond Antilla, Hebrides, Jamaica, Cuba, Caribbees, There lies the land of Yucatan.

The land, the land of Yucatan, The low coast breaking into foam, The dim hills where my thoughts shall roam The forests of my boyhood's home, The splendid dream of Yucatan!

I met thee first long, long ago Turning a printed page, and I Stared at a world I did not know And felt my blood like fire flow At that strange name of Yucatan.

O those sweet, far-off Austral days When life had a diviner glow, When hot Suns whipped my blood to know Things all unseen, then I could go Into thy heart O Yucatan!

I have forgotten what I saw, I have forgotten what I knew, And many lands I've set sail for To find that marvellous spell of yore, Never to set foot on thy shore O haunting land of Yucatan!

But sailing I have passed thee by, And leaning on the white ship's rail Watched thy dim hills till mystery Wrapped thy far stillness close to me And I have breathed ''tis Yucatan!

''Tis Yucatan, 'tis Yucatan!' The ship is sailing far away, The coast recedes, the dim hills fade, A bubble-winding track we've made, And thou'rt a Dream O Yucatan!

"A German aeroplane flew over Greek territory dropping a bomb which killed a shepherd."

'Sitting on a stone a Shepherd, Stone and Shepherd sleeping, Under the high blue Attic sky; Along the green monotony Grey sheep creeping, creeping'.

Deep down on the hill and valley, At the bottom of the sunshine, Like great Ships in clearest water, Water holding anchored Shadows, Water without wave or ripple, Sunshine deep and clear and heavy, Sunshine like a booming bell Made of purest golden metal, White Ships heavy in the sky Sleep with anchored shadow.

Pipe a song in that still air And the song would be of crystal Snapped in silence, or a bronze vase Smooth and graceful, curved and shining. Tell an old tale or a history; It would seem a slow Procession Full of gestures; limbs and torso White and rounded in the sunlight.

'Sitting on a stone a Shepherd, Stone and Shepherd sleeping, Like a fragment of old marble Dug up from the hillside shadow'.

In the sunshine deep and soundless Came a faint metallic humming; In the sunshine clear and heavy Came a speck, a speck of shadow-- Shepherd lift your head and listen, Listen to that humming Shadow!

'Sitting on a stone the Shepherd, Stone and Shepherd sleeping In a sleep dreamless as water, Water in a white glass beaker, Clear, pellucid, without shadow; Underneath a sky-blue crystal Sees his grey sheep creeping'.

In the sunshine clear and heavy Shadow-fled a dark hand downward: In the sunshine deep and soundless Burst a star-dropt thing of thunder-- Smoked the burnt blue air's torn veiling Drooping softly round the hillside.

Boomed the silence in returning To the crater in the hillside, To the red earth fresh and bleeding, To the mangled heap remaining: Far away that humming Shadow Vanished in the azure distance.

'Sitting on a stone no Shepherd, Stone and Shepherd sleeping, But across the hill and valley Grey sheep creeping, creeping, Standing carven on the sky-line, Scattering in the open distance, Free, in no man's keeping'.

THE CAVES OF AUVERGNE

He carved the red deer and the bull Upon the smooth cave rock, Returned from war with belly full, And scarred with many a knock, He carved the red deer and the bull Upon the smooth cave rock.

The stars flew by the cave's wide door, The clouds wild trumpets blew, Trees rose in wild dreams from the floor, Flowers with dream faces grew Up to the sky, and softly hung Golden and white and blue.

The woman ground her heap of corn, Her heart a guarded fire; The wind played in his trembling soul Like a hand upon a lyre, The wind drew faintly on the stone Symbols of his desire:

The red deer of the forest dark, Whose antlers cut the sky, That vanishes into the mirk And like a dream flits by, And by an arrow slain at last Is but the wind's dark body.

The bull that stands in marshy lakes As motionless and still As a dark rock jutting from a plain Without a tree or hill, The bull that is the sign of life, Its sombre, phallic will.

And from the dead, white eyes of them The wind springs up anew, It blows upon the trembling heart, And bull and deer renew Their flitting life in the dim past When that dead Hunter drew.

I sit beside him in the night, And, fingering his red stone, I chase through endless forests dark Seeking that thing unknown, That which is not red deer or bull, But which by them was shown:

By those stiff shapes in which he drew His soul's exalted cry, When flying down the forest dark He slew and knew not why, When he was filled with song, and strength Flowed to him from the sky.

The wind blows from red deer and bull, The clouds wild trumpets blare, Trees rise in wild dreams from the earth, Flowers with dream faces stare, 'O Hunter, your own shadow stands Within your forest lair!'

I cling and swing On a branch, or sing Through the cool, clear hush of Morning, O: Or fling my wing On the air, and bring To sleepier birds a warning, O: That the night's in flight, And the sun's in sight, And the dew is the grass adorning, O: And the green leaves swing As I sing, sing, sing, Up by the river, Down the dell, To the little wee nest, Where the big tree fell, So early in the morning, O.

I flit and twit In the sun for a bit When his light so bright is shining, O: Or sit and fit My plumes, or knit Straw plaits for the nest's nice lining, O: And she with glee Shows unto me Underneath her wings reclining, O: And I sing that Peg Has an egg, egg, egg, Up by the oat-field, Round the mill, Past the meadow, Down the hill, So early in the morning, O.

I stoop and swoop On the air, or loop Through the trees, and then go soaring, O: To group with a troop On the gusty poop While the wind behind is roaring, O: I skim and swim By a cloud's red rim And up to the azure flooring, O: And my wide wings drip As I slip, slip, slip Down through the rain-drops, Back where Peg Broods in the nest On the little white egg, So early in the morning, O.

The night was creeping on the ground; She crept and did not make a sound Until she reached the tree, and then She covered it, and stole again Along the grass beside the wall.

I heard the rustle of her shawl As she threw blackness everywhere Upon the sky and ground and air, And in the room where I was hid: But no matter what she did To everything that was without, She could not put my candle out.

So I stared at the night, and she Stared back solemnly at me.

Every Sunday there's a throng Of pretty girls, who trot along In a pious, breathless state (They are nearly always late) To the Chapel, where they pray For the sins of Saturday.

They have frocks of white and blue, Yellow sashes they have too, And red ribbons show each head Tenderly is ringleted; And the bell rings loud, and the Railway whistles urgently.

After Chapel they will go, Walking delicately slow, Telling still how Father John Is so good to look upon, And such other grave affairs As they thought of during prayers.

I was playing with my hoop along the road Just where the bushes are, when, suddenly, There came a shout,--I ran away and stowed Myself beneath a bush, and watched to see What made the noise, and then, around the bend, I saw a woman running. She was old And wrinkle-faced, and had big teeth.--The end Of her red shawl caught on a bush and rolled Right off her, and her hair fell down.--Her face Was awful white, and both her eyes looked sick, And she was talking queer. 'O God of Grace!' Said she, 'where is the child?' and flew back quick The way she came, and screamed, and shook her hands; ... Maybe she was a witch from foreign lands.

A speck went blowing up against the sky As little as a leaf: then it drew near And broadened.--'It's a bird,' said I, And fetched my bow and arrows. It was queer! It grew from up a speck into a blot, And squattered past a cloud; then it flew down All crumply, and waggled such a lot I thought the thing would fall.--It was a brown Old carpet where a man was sitting snug Who, when he reached the ground, began to sew A big hole in the middle of the rug, And kept on peeping everywhere to know Who might be coming--then he gave a twist And flew away.... I fired at him but missed.

Now very quietly, and rather mournfully, In clouds of hyacinth the sun retires, And all the stubble-fields that were so warm to him Keep but in memory their borrowed fires.

And I, the traveller, break, still unsatisfied, From that faint exquisite celestial strand, And turn and see again the only dwelling-place In this wide wilderness of darkening land.

The house, that house, O now what change has come to it. Its crude red-brick facade, its roof of slate; What imperceptible swift hand has given it A new, a wonderful, a queenly state?

No hand has altered it, that parallelogram, So inharmonious, so ill-arranged; That hard blue roof in shape and colour's what it was; No, it is not that any line has changed.

Only that loneliness is now accentuate And, as the dusk unveils the heaven's deep cave, This small world's feebleness fills me with awe again, And all man's energies seem very brave.

And this mean edifice, which some dull architect Built for an ignorant earth-turning hind, Takes on the quality of that magnificent Unshakable dauntlessness of human kind.

Darkness and stars will come, and long the night will be, Yet imperturbable that house will rest, Avoiding gallantly the stars' chill scrutiny, Ignoring secrets in the midnight's breast.

Thunders may shudder it, and winds demoniac May howl their menaces, and hail descend; Yet it will bear with them, serenely, steadfastly, Not even scornfully, and wait the end.

And all a universe of nameless messengers From unknown distances may whisper fear, And it will imitate immortal permanence, And stare and stare ahead and scarcely hear.

It stood there yesterday; it will to-morrow, too, When there is none to watch, no alien eyes To watch its ugliness assume a majesty From this great solitude of evening skies.

So lone, so very small, with worlds and worlds around, While life remains to it prepared to outface Whatever awful unconjectured mysteries May hide and wait for it in time and space.

(W. H. S., Capt. [Acting Major] R. F. A.; killed, April 12, 1917)

We shan't see Willy any more, Mamie, He won't be coming any more: He came back once and again and again, But he won't get leave any more.

We looked from the window and there was his cab, And we ran downstairs like a streak, And he said, 'Hullo, you bad dog,' and you crouched to the floor, Paralysed to hear him speak,

And then let fly at his face and his chest Till I had to hold you down, While he took off his cap and his gloves and his coat, And his bag and his thonged Sam Browne.

We went upstairs to the studio, The three of us, just as of old, And you lay down and I sat and talked to him As round the room he strolled.

Here in the room where, years ago Before the old life stopped, He worked all day with his slippers and his pipe, He would pick up the threads he'd dropped,

Fondling all the drawings he had left behind, Glad to find them all still the same, And opening the cupboards to look at his belongings ... Every time he came.

But now I know what a dog doesn't know, Though you'll thrust your head on my knee, And try to draw me from the absent-mindedness That you find so dull in me.

And all your life you will never know What I wouldn't tell you even if I could, That the last time we waved him away Willy went for good.

But sometimes as you lie on the hearthrug Sleeping in the warmth of the stove, Even through your muddled old canine brain Shapes from the past may rove.

You'll scarcely remember, even in a dream, How we brought home a silly little pup, With a big square head and little crooked legs That could scarcely bear him up,

But your tail will tap at the memory Of a man whose friend you were, Who was always kind though he called you a naughty dog When he found you on his chair;

Who'd make you face a reproving finger And solemnly lecture you Till your head hung downwards and you looked very sheepish: And you'll dream of your triumphs too,

Of summer evening chases in the garden When you dodged us all about with a bone: We were three boys, and you were the cleverest, But now we're two alone.

When summer comes again, And the long sunsets fade, We shall have to go on playing the feeble game for two That since the war we've played.

And though you run expectant as you always do To the uniforms we meet, You'll never find Willy among all the soldiers In even the longest street,

Nor in any crowd; yet, strange and bitter thought, Even now were the old words said, If I tried the old trick and said 'Where's Willy?' You would quiver and lift your head,

And your brown eyes would look to ask if I was serious, And wait for the word to spring. Sleep undisturbed: I shan't say 'that' again, You innocent old thing.

I must sit, not speaking, on the sofa, While you lie asleep on the floor; For he's suffered a thing that dogs couldn't dream of, And he won't be coming here any more.

The lily of Malud is born in secret mud. It is breathed like a word in a little dark ravine Where no bird was ever heard and no beast was ever seen, And the leaves are never stirred by the panther's velvet sheen.

It blooms once a year in summer moonlight, In a valley of dark fear full of pale moonlight: It blooms once a year, and dies in a night, And its petals disappear with the dawn's first light; And when that night has come, black small-breasted maids, With ecstatic terror dumb, steal fawn-like through the shades To watch, hour by hour, the unfolding of the flower.

When the world is full of night, and the moon reigns alone And drowns in silver light the known and the unknown, When each hut is a mound, half blue-silver and half black, And casts upon the ground the hard shadow of its back, When the winds are out of hearing and the tree-tops never shake, When the grass in the clearing is silent but awake 'Neath a moon-paven sky: all the village is asleep And the babes that nightly cry dream deep:

From the doors the maidens creep, Tiptoe over dreaming curs, soft, so soft, that not one stirs, And stand curved and a-quiver, like bathers by a river, Looking at the forest wall, groups of slender naked girls, Whose black bodies shine like pearls where the moonbeams fall.

They have waked, they knew not why, at a summons from the night, They have stolen fearfully from the dark to the light, Stepping over sleeping men, who have moved and slept again: And they know not why they go to the forest, but they know, As their moth-feet pass to the shore of the grass And the forest's dreadful brink, that their tender spirits shrink: They would flee, but cannot turn, for their eyelids burn With still frenzy, and each maid, ere she leaves the moonlit space, If she sees another's face is thrilled and afraid.

Now like little phantom fawns they thread the outer lawns Where the boles of giant trees stand about in twos and threes, Till the forest grows more dense and the darkness more intense, And they only sometimes see in a lone moon-ray A dead and spongy trunk in the earth half-sunk, Or the roots of a tree with fungus grey, Or a drift of muddy leaves, or a banded snake that heaves.

The poems in Georgian Poetry 1916-1917 share a preoccupation with sensory immediacy and the tension between the transient and the eternal. W.J. Turner's sonnet sequence, for instance, opens with a speaker who 'answer[s] to the vast, as wave by wave / The sea of air goes over,' a line that yokes bodily sensation to cosmic scale. The diction is deliberately plain—'dry or wet,' 'tingles'—yet the syntax coils into long, clause-laden sentences that mimic the restless consciousness they describe. This blend of the quotidian and the metaphysical recurs across the anthology, as when Ralph Hodgson's 'The Gipsy Girl' fixes on a 'tawny' figure with 'lumps of gold' in her ears, a detail that is at once precise and exoticizing. The editor, Sir Edward Howard Marsh, has selected poems that foreground such moments of sharp, often tactile observation, even as they reach toward abstraction.

Diction and the Physical World

Across the excerpts, the poets favor concrete nouns and verbs that anchor abstract reflection in bodily experience. In Turner's sonnet, the speaker imagines pressing 'past the guards in those grey gates, / The brain's most folded, intertwisted shell' to find 'the Master Cell.' The anatomical metaphor—'grey gates,' 'folded, intertwisted shell'—turns introspection into a physical journey. Similarly, Hodgson's gipsy girl is described through her 'flaring yellow scarf' and 'jingled' earrings, sounds and colors that make her vivid without psychological depth. The anthology's diction often oscillates between the homely and the elevated: a 'penny for three tries' sits alongside 'the unearthly self beyond, unguessed, untold.' This juxtaposition is characteristic of Georgian poetry's effort to find the sublime in the everyday.

Dialogue and the Speaking Voice

Direct speech is sparse in the excerpts, but when it appears, it carries weight. Hodgson's poem begins with a street cry: 'Come, try your skill, kind gentlemen, / A penny for three tries!' The imperative and the colloquial address establish a scene of public transaction, yet the poem quickly shifts to the speaker's private admiration. In Turner's sequence, the only quoted speech is the speaker's own cry: 'You strange grave thing, what is it you would say?' This line, addressed to an absent beloved, breaks the meditative tone with a sudden, almost theatrical exclamation. The anthology thus uses dialogue sparingly, as a device to puncture lyric introspection or to anchor a poem in a specific social moment. The voices are never fully dramatized; they remain fragments that hint at stories left untold.

Descriptive Patterns: Light, Water, and the Body

Recurring descriptive motifs bind the collection. Light appears as a measure of presence and loss: Turner's 'full moon comes swimming from her cave,' and later 'the moon hid in a cloud.' Water imagery—'wave by wave,' 'the sea of air,' 'the waters ebbed'—suggests flux and continuity. The body is a site of both vulnerability and wonder: 'the trembling blood when the discoverer scans / The sought-for world,' or 'my being felt you to the bones.' These images are not merely decorative; they structure the poems' arguments about mortality and perception. In Hodgson, the gipsy girl's 'tawny' skin and 'lumps of gold' are metonyms for a wild, transient beauty. The descriptive choices consistently privilege the sensory over the symbolic, grounding the anthology's metaphysical concerns in the physical world.

Structure and the Lyric Sequence

Several poems in the excerpts employ sonnet or sonnet-like forms, but with notable structural liberties. Turner's sequence uses a loose iambic pentameter and irregular rhyme schemes, as in the couplet 'Then, on Man's earthly peak, I might behold / The unearthly self beyond, unguessed, untold.' The enjambment and the shift from conditional to declarative create a sense of striving. Other poems, like Hodgson's, use shorter, ballad-like stanzas with alternating rhyme. The anthology's arrangement—grouping poems by author and often by source collection—encourages readers to compare formal choices. The prefatory note, though not excerpted fully, likely frames these as 'Georgian' in their rejection of Victorian ornament. The structures themselves, however, are varied: some poems build toward a rhetorical climax, others circle back to an opening image, and a few, like Turner's, end with a direct address that feels unresolved.

Readers approaching this anthology should attend to the interplay between the poets' shared idiom and their individual voices. The excerpts reveal a consistent interest in the border between the self and the world, often rendered through precise, physical language. Because the full text includes many more poems, the patterns noted here may be amplified or complicated by later sections. The editorial choices—which poems to include, how to order them—invite a comparative reading that foregrounds craft over theme. For those studying early twentieth-century poetry, this collection offers a concentrated sample of the Georgian aesthetic in its wartime context.

It’s curious how those wartime anthologies linger—Marsh’s careful diction feels like a held breath. Reading the sharp, plain speech of the Hodgson excerpts brings back a similar quiet ache I found in the biblical echoes of The Man of Uz, and Other Poems — Themes and Context. Some losses only speak clearly in a voice that refuses ornament.

Liam Martin
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Emma Harris
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James Johnson
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4.5 out of 5 (6 User reviews )

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  • ...
    Allison Parrish - 1 month ago
    {'rating': 4, 'text': "'Georgian Poetry 1916-1917' is an insightful anthology that captures the transitional spirit of war-era Britain. The poems range from pastoral retreats to poignant reflections on conflict, showcasing the era's diversity. Editor Edward Marsh has curated a fine selection that balances traditional forms with emerging modernism. This collection is both educational and moving, offering a window into a pivotal period in literary history."}

  • ...
    Todd Johns - 1 month ago
    {'rating': 2, 'text': "This anthology suffers from an uneven selection and a conservative editorial stance. Many poems are forgettable, and the overall tone seems out of touch with the seismic shifts in poetry brought about by the war. The inclusion of some minor poets may reflect friendship rather than merit. As a representation of Georgian poetry, it's adequate, but it lacks the vibrancy and innovation of the best of the period."}

  • ...
    Cynthia Janet Simon - 1 week ago
    {'rating': 3, 'text': "As a snapshot of Georgian poetry during the war years, this anthology has merit but also reveals why the movement waned. Many poems adhere to pastoral conventions, and some feel outdated against the more modernist works of the time. However, there are powerful pieces that reflect the era's ethos. It serves as a useful historical document, even if not every poem stands out."}


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