Poems in Two Volumes, Volume 1 — Key Ideas to Explore

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Wordsworth, William, 1770-1850 Project Gutenberg 2005 Not confirmed
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Text sections 3

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This volume collects Wordsworth's early 19th-century poems, including 'Resolution and Independence' and sonnets, showcasing his shift from lyrical ballads to meditative, nature-infused verse with a distinctive narrative voice.
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She was a Phantom of delight When first she gleam'd upon my sight; A lovely Apparition, sent To be a moment's ornament; Her eyes as stars of Twilight fair; Like Twilight's, too, her dusky hair; But all things else about her drawn From May-time and the chearful Dawn; A dancing Shape, an Image gay, To haunt, to startle, and way-lay. 10

I saw her upon nearer view, A Spirit, yet a Woman too! Her household motions light and free, And steps of virgin liberty; A countenance in which did meet Sweet records, promises as sweet; A Creature not too bright or good For human nature's daily food; For transient sorrows, simple wiles, Praise, blame, love, kisses, tears, and smiles. 20

And now I see with eye serene The very pulse of the machine; A Being breathing thoughtful breath; A Traveller betwixt life and death; The reason firm, the temperate will, Endurance, foresight, strength and skill; A perfect Woman; nobly plann'd, To warn, to comfort, and command; And yet a Spirit still, and bright With something of an angel light. 30

_The REDBREAST and the BUTTERFLY_.

Art thou the Bird whom Man loves best, The pious Bird with the scarlet breast, Our little English Robin; The Bird that comes about our doors When Autumn winds are sobbing? Art thou the Peter of Norway Boors? Their Thomas in Finland, And Russia far inland? The Bird, whom by some name or other All men who know thee call their Brother, 10 The Darling of Children and men? Could Father Adam open his eyes, And see this sight beneath the skies, He'd wish to close them again.

If the Butterfly knew but his friend Hither his flight he would bend, And find his way to me Under the branches of the tree: In and out, he darts about; His little heart is throbbing: 20 Can this be the Bird, to man so good, Our consecrated Robin! That, after their bewildering, Did cover with leaves the little children, So painfully in the wood?

What ail'd thee Robin that thou could'st pursue A beautiful Creature, That is gentle by nature? Beneath the summer sky From flower to flower let him fly; 30 'Tis all that he wishes to do.

The Chearer Thou of our in-door sadness, He is the Friend of our summer gladness: What hinders, then, that ye should be Playmates in the sunny weather, And fly about in the air together? Like the hues of thy breast His beautiful wings in crimson are drest, A brother he seems of thine own: If thou would'st be happy in thy nest, 40 O pious Bird! whom Man loves best, Love him, or leave him alone!

_THE SAILOR'S MOTHER_.

One morning (raw it was and wet, A foggy day in winter time) A Woman in the road I met, Not old, though something past her prime: Majestic in her person, tall and straight; And like a Roman matron's was her mien and gait.

The ancient Spirit is not dead; Old times, thought I, are breathing there; Proud was I that my country bred Such strength, a dignity so fair: 10 She begg'd an alms, like one in poor estate; I look'd at her again, nor did my pride abate.

When from these lofty thoughts I woke, With the first word I had to spare I said to her, "Beneath your Cloak What's that which on your arm you bear?" She answer'd soon as she the question heard, "A simple burthen, Sir, a little Singing-bird."

And, thus continuing, she said, "I had a Son, who many a day 20 Sail'd on the seas; but he is dead; In Denmark he was cast away; And I have been as far as Hull, to see What clothes he might have left, or other property."

"The Bird and Cage they both were his; 'Twas my Son's Bird; and neat and trim He kept it: many voyages This Singing-bird hath gone with him; When last he sail'd he left the Bird behind; As it might be, perhaps, from bodings of his mind." 30

"He to a Fellow-lodger's care Had left it, to be watch'd and fed, Till he came back again; and there I found it when my Son was dead; And now, God help me for my little wit! I trail it with me, Sir! he took so much delight in it."

_TO THE SMALL CELANDINE_ [Footnote: Common Pilewort.]

Pansies, Lilies, Kingcups, Daisies, Let them live upon their praises; Long as there's a sun that sets Primroses will have their glory; Long as there are Violets, They will have a place in story: There's a flower that shall be mine, 'Tis the little Celandine.

Eyes of some men travel far For the finding of a star; 10 Up and down the heavens they go, Men that keep a mighty rout! I'm as great as they, I trow, Since the day I found thee out, Little flower!--I'll make a stir Like a great Astronomer.

Modest, yet withal an Elf Bold, and lavish of thyself, Since we needs must first have met I have seen thee, high and low, 20 Thirty years or more, and yet 'Twas a face I did not know; Thou hast now, go where I may, Fifty greetings in a day.

Ere a leaf is on a bush, In the time before the Thrush Has a thought about its nest, Thou wilt come with half a call, Spreading out thy glossy breast Like a careless Prodigal; 30 Telling tales about the sun, When we've little warmth, or none.

Poets, vain men in their mood! Travel with the multitude; Never heed them; I aver That they all are wanton Wooers; But the thrifty Cottager, Who stirs little out of doors, Joys to spy thee near her home, Spring is coming, Thou art come! 40

Comfort have thou of thy merit, Kindly, unassuming Spirit! Careless of thy neighbourhood, Thou dost shew thy pleasant face On the moor, and in the wood. In the lane--there's not a place, Howsoever mean it be, But 'tis good enough for thee.

Ill befal the yellow Flowers, Children of the flaring hours! 50 Buttercups, that will be seen, Whether we will see or no; Others, too, of lofty mien; They have done as worldlings do, Taken praise that should be thine, Little, humble Celandine!

Prophet of delight and mirth, Scorn'd and slighted upon earth! Herald of a mighty band, Of a joyous train ensuing, 60 Singing at my heart's command, In the lanes my thoughts pursuing, I will sing, as doth behove, Hymns in praise of what I love!

Pleasures newly found are sweet When they lie about our feet: February last my heart First at sight of thee was glad; All unheard of as thou art, Thou must needs, I think, have had, Celandine! and long ago, Praise of which I nothing know.

I have not a doubt but he, Whosoe'er the man might be, 10 Who the first with pointed rays, (Workman worthy to be sainted) Set the Sign-board in a blaze, When the risen sun he painted, Took the fancy from a glance At thy glittering countenance.

Soon as gentle breezes bring News of winter's vanishing, And the children build their bowers, Sticking 'kerchief-plots of mold 20 All about with full-blown flowers, Thick as sheep in shepherd's fold! With the proudest Thou art there, Mantling in the tiny square.

Often have I sigh'd to measure By myself a lonely pleasure; Sigh'd to think, I read a book Only read perhaps by me; Yet I long could overlook Thy bright coronet and Thee, 30 And thy arch and wily ways, And thy store of other praise.

Blithe of heart, from week to week Thou dost play at hide-and-seek; While the patient Primrose sits Like a Beggar in the cold, Thou, a Flower of wiser wits, Slipp'st into thy shelter'd hold: Bright as any of the train When ye all are out again. 40

Thou art not beyond the moon, But a thing "beneath our shoon;" Let, as old Magellen did, Others roam about the sea; Build who will a pyramid; Praise it is enough for me, If there be but three or four Who will love my little Flower.

CHARACTER of the HAPPY WARRIOR.

Who is the happy Warrior? Who is he Whom every Man in arms should wish to be? --It is the generous Spirit, who, when brought Among the tasks of real life, hath wrought Upon the plan that pleased his childish thought: Whose high endeavours are an inward light That make the path before him always bright: Who, with a natural instinct to discern What knowledge can perform, is diligent to learn; Abides by this resolve, and stops not there, 10 But makes his moral being his prime care; Who, doom'd to go in company with Pain, And Fear, and Bloodshed, miserable train! Turns his necessity to glorious gain; In face of these doth exercise a power Which is our human-nature's highest dower; Controls them and subdues, transmutes, bereaves Of their bad influence, and their good receives; By objects, which might force the soul to abate Her feeling, render'd more compassionate; 20 Is placable because occasions rise So often that demand such sacrifice; More skilful in self-knowledge, even more pure, As tempted more; more able to endure, As more expos'd to suffering and distress; Thence, also, more alive to tenderness. Tis he whose law is reason; who depends Upon that law as on the best of friends; Whence, in a state where men are tempted still To evil for a guard against worse ill, 30 And what in quality or act is best Doth seldom on a right foundation rest, He fixes good on good alone, and owes To virtue every triumph that he knows: --Who, if he rise to station of command, Rises by open means; and there will stand On honourable terms, or else retire, And in himself possess his own desire; Who comprehends his trust, and to the same Keeps faithful with a singleness of aim; 40 And therefore does not stoop, nor lie in wait For wealth, or honors, or for worldly state; Whom they must follow; on whose head must fall, Like showers of manna, if they come at all: Whose powers shed round him in the common strife, Or mild concerns of ordinary life, A constant influence, a peculiar grace; But who, if he be called upon to face Some awful moment to which heaven has join'd Great issues, good or bad for human-kind, 50 Is happy as a Lover; and attired With sudden brightness like a Man inspired; And through the heat of conflict keeps the law In calmness made, and sees what he foresaw; Or if an unexpected call succeed, Come when it will, is equal to the need: --He who, though thus endued as with a sense And faculty for storm and turbulence, Is yet a Soul whose master bias leans To home-felt pleasures and to gentle scenes; 60 Sweet images! which, wheresoe'er he be, Are at his heart; and such fidelity It is his darling passion to approve; More brave for this, that he hath much to love: 'Tis, finally, the Man, who, lifted high, Conspicuous object in a Nation's eye, Or left unthought-of in obscurity, Who, with a toward or untoward lot, Prosperous or adverse, to his wish or not, Plays, in the many games of life, that one 70 Where what he most doth value must be won; Whom neither shape of danger can dismay, Nor thought of tender happiness betray; Who, not content that former worth stand fast, Looks forward, persevering to the last, From well to better, daily self-surpast: Who, whether praise of him must walk the earth For ever, and to noble deeds give birth, Or He must go to dust without his fame, And leave a dead unprofitable name, 80 Finds comfort in himself and in his cause; And, while the mortal mist is gathering, draws His breath in confidence of Heaven's applause; This is the happy Warrior; this is He Whom every Man in arms should wish to be.

_The above Verses mere written soon after tidings had been received of the Death of Lord Nelson, which event directed the Author's thoughts to the subject. His respect for the memory of his great fellow-countryman induces him to mention this; though he is well aware that the Verses must suffer from any connection in the Reader's mind with a Name so illustrious_.

THE HORN OF EGREMONT CASTLE.

When the Brothers reach'd the gateway, Eustace pointed with his lance To the Horn which there was hanging; Horn of the inheritance. Horn it was which none could sound, No one upon living ground, Save He who came as rightful Heir To Egremont's Domains and Castle fair.

Heirs from ages without record Had the House of Lucie born, 10 Who of right had claim'd the Lordship By the proof upon the Horn: Each at the appointed hour Tried the Horn, it own'd his power; He was acknowledged: and the blast Which good Sir Eustace sounded was the last.

With his lance Sir Eustace pointed, And to Hubert thus said he, "What I speak this Horn shall witness For thy better memory. 20 Hear, then, and neglect me not! At this time, and on this spot, The words are utter'd from my heart, As my last earnest prayer ere we depart."

"On good service we are going Life to risk by sea and land; In which course if Christ our Saviour Do my sinful soul demand, Hither come thou back straightway, Hubert, if alive that day; 30 Return, and sound the Horn, that we May have a living House still left in thee!"

"Fear not," quickly answer'd Hubert; "As I am thy Father's son, What thou askest, noble Brother, With God's favour shall be done." So were both right well content: From the Castle forth they went. And at the head of their Array To Palestine the Brothers took their way. 40

Side by side they fought (the Lucies Were a line for valour fam'd) And where'er their strokes alighted There the Saracens were tam'd. Whence, then, could it come the thought, By what evil spirit brought? Oh! can a brave Man wish to take His Brother's life, for Land's and Castle's sake?

"Sir!" the Ruffians said to Hubert, "Deep he lies in Jordan flood."-- 50 Stricken by this ill assurance, Pale and trembling Hubert stood. "Take your earnings."--Oh! that I Could have seen my Brother die! It was a pang that vex'd him then; And oft returned, again, and yet again.

Months pass'd on, and no Sir Eustace! Nor of him were tidings heard. Wherefore, bold as day, the Murderer Back again to England steer'd. 60 To his Castle Hubert sped; He has nothing now to dread. But silent and by stealth he came, And at an hour which nobody could name.

None could tell if it were night-time, Night or day, at even or morn; For the sound was heard by no one Of the proclamation-horn. But bold Hubert lives in glee: Months and years went smilingly; 70 With plenty was his table spread; And bright the Lady is who shares his bed.

Likewise he had Sons and Daughters; And, as good men do, he sate At his board by these surrounded, Flourishing in fair estate. And, while thus in open day Once he sate, as old books say, A blast was utter'd from the Horn, Where by the Castle-gate it hung forlorn. 80

'Tis the breath of good Sir Eustace! He is come to claim his right: Ancient Castle, Woods, and Mountains Hear the challenge with delight. Hubert! though the blast be blown He is helpless and alone: Thou hast a dungeon, speak the word! And there he may be lodg'd, and thou be Lord.

Speak! astounded Hubert cannot; And if power to speak he had, 90 All are daunted, all the household Smitten to the heart, and sad. 'Tis Sir Eustace; if it be Living Man, it must be he! Thus Hubert thought in his dismay, And by a Postern-gate he slunk away.

Long, and long was he unheard of: To his Brother then he came, Made confession, ask'd forgiveness, Ask'd it by a Brother's name, 100 And by all the saints in heaven; And of Eustace was forgiv'n: Then in a Convent went to hide His melancholy head, and there he died.

But Sir Eustace, whom good Angels Had preserv'd from Murderers' hands, And from Pagan chains had rescued, Liv'd with honour on his lands. Sons he had, saw Sons of theirs: And through ages, Heirs of Heirs, 110 A long posterity renown'd, Sounded the Horn which they alone could sound.

THE AFFLICTION of MARGARET ---- OF ----

Where art thou, my beloved Son, Where art thou, worse to me than dead? Oh find me prosperous or undone! Or, if the grave be now thy bed, Why am I ignorant of the same That I may rest; and neither blame, Nor sorrow may attend thy name?

Seven years, alas, to have received No tidings of an only child; To have despair'd, and have believ'd, 10 And be for evermore beguil'd; Sometimes with thoughts of very bliss! I catch at them, and then I miss; Was ever darkness like to this?

He was among the prime in worth, An object beauteous to behold; Well born, well bred; I sent him forth Ingenuous, innocent, and bold: If things ensued that wanted grace, As hath been said, they were not base; 20 And never blush was on my face.

Ah! little doth the Young One dream, When full of play and childish cares, What power hath even his wildest scream, Heard by his Mother unawares! He knows it not, he cannot guess: Years to a Mother bring distress; But do not make her love the less.

Neglect me! no I suffer'd long From that ill thought; and being blind, 30 Said, "Pride shall help me in my wrong; Kind mother have I been, as kind As ever breathed:" and that is true; I've wet my path with tears like dew, Weeping for him when no one knew.

My Son, if thou be humbled, poor, Hopeless of honour and of gain, Oh! do not dread thy mother's door; Think not of me with grief and pain: I now can see with better eyes; 40 And worldly grandeur I despise, And fortune with her gifts and lies

Alas! the fowls of Heaven have wings, And blasts of Heaven will aid their flight; They mount, how short a voyage brings The Wanderers back to their delight! Chains tie us down by land and sea; And wishes, vain as mine, may be All that is left to comfort thee.

Perhaps some dungeon hears thee groan, 50 Maim'd, mangled by inhuman men; Or thou upon a Desart thrown Inheritest the Lion's Den; Or hast been summoned to the Deep, Thou, Thou and all thy mates, to keep An incommunicable sleep.

I look for Ghosts; but none will force Their way to me; 'tis falsely said That there was ever intercourse Betwixt the living and the dead; 60 For, surely, then I should have sight Of Him I wait for day and night, With love and longings infinite.

My apprehensions come in crowds; I dread the rustling of the grass; The very shadows of the clouds Have power to shake me as they pass: I question things, and do not find One that will answer to my mind; And all the world appears unkind. 70

Beyond participation lie My troubles, and beyond relief: If any chance to heave a sigh They pity me, and not my grief. Then come to me, my Son, or send Some tidings that my woes may end; I have no other earthly friend.

THE KITTEN AND THE FALLING LEAVES.

That way look, my Infant, lo! What a pretty baby show! See the Kitten on the Wall, Sporting with the leaves that fall, Wither'd leaves, one, two, and three, From the lofty Elder-tree! Through the calm and frosty air Of this morning bright and fair, Eddying round and round they sink Softly, slowly: one might think, 10 From the motions that are made, Every little leaf convey'd Sylph or Faery hither tending, To this lower world descending, Each invisible and mute, In his wavering parachute. --But the Kitten, how she starts, Crouches, stretches, paws, and darts; First at one and then its fellow Just as light and just as yellow; 20 There are many now--now one-- Now they stop; and there are none-- What intenseness of desire In her upward eye of fire! With a tiger-leap half way Now she meets the coming prey, Lets it go as fast, and then Has it in her power again: Now she works with three or four, Like an Indian Conjuror; 30 Quick as he in feats of art, Far beyond in joy of heart. Were her antics play'd in the eye Of a thousand Standers-by, Clapping hands with shout and stare, What would little Tabby care For the plaudits of the Crowd? Over happy to be proud, Over wealthy in the treasure Of her own exceeding pleasure! 40

Wordsworth's 1807 collection opens with a daisy that is not merely a flower but a companion in solitude, addressed with a familiarity that blurs the line between human and natural worlds. The poem 'To the Daisy' establishes a voice that finds contentment in small, overlooked things—a stance that recurs throughout the volume. The speaker's movement from 'rock to rock' in youthful discontent to a quieter appreciation of the daisy's 'crimson head' signals a shift in poetic attention from grand passions to humble, steady presences.

This volume, the first of two, gathers poems composed during tours and sonnets on liberty, but its heart lies in encounters like that with the leech-gatherer in 'Resolution and Independence.' Here, Wordsworth's narrative voice slows to a deliberate, almost hesitant pace, mirroring the old man's measured speech and the speaker's own troubled thoughts.

The Slow Unfolding of Encounter

In 'Resolution and Independence,' Wordsworth builds a scene through patient accumulation. The speaker describes the old man as 'Motionless as a Cloud,' then notes how he 'Stirred with his Staff' the pond water, 'as if he had been reading in a book.' The pacing is deliberate: the speaker draws near, asks a question, receives a 'gentle answer' drawn 'slowly.' This unhurried rhythm allows the reader to inhabit the moment fully. The old man's speech is described as 'stately,' with 'Choice word, and measured phrase,' a quality that contrasts with the speaker's earlier 'fear that kills' and 'hope that is unwilling to be fed.' The encounter becomes a meditation on perseverance, but Wordsworth never rushes the revelation. Instead, he lets the old man's repeated explanation—that he gathers leeches—sink in, and the poem's final lines echo with the weight of that simple, stubborn labor.

Voice and Its Shifts in Register

Wordsworth's volume displays a remarkable range of vocal registers. The sonnet 'Nuns fret not at their Convent's narrow room' adopts a calm, aphoristic tone, celebrating the 'Sonnet's scanty plot of ground' as a liberating constraint. In contrast, the 'Ode to Duty' (listed in the contents) likely employs a more formal, almost Miltonic address. The dedicatory sonnets to liberty shift into a public, political voice, as seen in titles like 'To Toussaint L'Ouverture' and 'Thought of a Briton on the Subjugation of Switzerland.' Yet even within a single poem, the voice can modulate: in 'Resolution and Independence,' the speaker moves from anxious self-questioning to a near-dreamlike absorption in the old man's presence, where 'his voice to me was like a stream / Scarce heard.' These shifts are not arbitrary; they reflect the poet's attempt to match language to the emotional and moral weight of each subject.

Pace as a Tool for Reflection

Wordsworth manipulates pace to create spaces for reflection. The opening of 'To the Daisy' moves briskly through seasons—'Winter,' 'Spring,' 'summer fields,' 'Autumn'—but the poem's address to the flower slows to a contemplative close. In 'Resolution and Independence,' the pace is deliberately uneven: the speaker's initial approach is gradual, the old man's answers are slow, but the speaker's internal thoughts race ('My former thoughts return'd: the fear that kills'). This contrast between external stillness and internal agitation is central to Wordsworth's method. The sonnets, by their form, impose a condensed pace, yet within fourteen lines, Wordsworth often creates a pause—a turn or a quiet resolution. The prefatory sonnet itself argues for the sonnet as a 'short solace,' a bounded space where the mind can find rest from 'too much liberty.' The volume as a whole invites the reader to move between these different tempos, from the swift tour poems to the meditative encounters.

Readers approaching this volume will find that Wordsworth's language rewards slow attention. The poems often circle back to key images or phrases, building meaning through repetition and slight variation. Pay particular attention to the moments when the speaker's voice falters or becomes absorbed in another's presence—these are where the poetry's deepest insights lie. The volume's structure, moving from lyric to sonnet to tour poem, offers a varied but coherent experience of a poet finding his mature voice.

There’s a particular quiet in Wordsworth’s voice here, that turn inward where nature becomes memory. It reminds me of another old friend, The Auld Doctor and other Poems and Songs in Scots — Story, Setting & Ideas, where the dialect itself feels like a landscape you once knew. Both carry that ache of home, spoken softly to no one in particular.

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